The behavior you describe (at least how I read it), is actually what I’d expect to happen. And to my understanding, the arpeggiator CLOCK DIV and the RATE are stored separately, otherwise it wouldn’t be possible to use the internal clock and store an ARP CLOCK DIV for that, would it?
What is reproducible for me is:
No MIDI Clock from outside coming in
Store a preset with some Sequence and RATE 120, CLOCK DIV 1/16, and SYNC OFF
Set SYNC ON, and store the preset again
Switch to some other preset and back to this one
Press a key —> no sound (none, whatsoever) [OK]
Set SYNC OFF
Press a key → sequence plays [OK]
Set SYNC ON
Press a key —> no sound [OK]
Set SYNC OFF
Press a key —> no sound [Not OK!!]
In this state, the Sub 37 is sending MIDI Clock events, but can’t use it for itself.
It seems that somehow the Sub 37 can get confused about the sync tempo to use.
BTW, this behavior is the same on two different Sub 37 units, one hooked up to the computer via USB, the other hooked up stand alone via MIDI.