It’s likely that hot levels will tend to distort the MF-101, a nominal input of +4 dB might be 1.2 V RMS, a lot less than 5 V pp or more generated by a modular. In this case you can level shift with a dedicated “output” module or else use a passive/active attenuator to dial back the signal. Normally clipping just messes with the sound and shouldn’t harm the electronics, but YYMV.
Likewise, voltages are current-limited going into the 101. Anything Doepfer should be safe as they strictly adhere to +5 V signals. Others can go higher and it’s normally not a good idea to exceed your power rails, so +9 to 15 V or whatever is Vdd inside the unit. Again, clipping shouldn’t hurt but the results will be audible. Attenuate for best results!
Other MFs with digial chips are normally less tolerant (with some level of signal protection) to over/undervoltage.